Category Archives: Uncategorized

Climate Change Will Forever Alter Our Food System

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Lately I have learning a lot and also thinking about climate change and it’s impact on the food system. This will happen in two ways: agriculture is a major contributor of emissions and this needs to be lowered;  also, frequent, unpredictable extreme weather events like droughts and flood will destabilize food production. In the show “Years of Living Dangerously” the various threads of the climate change discussion are very effectively presented. But , the critical link between the food system and climate change did not come through as sharply. In the opening episode, we see how the drought in Syria was the crucial catalyst in the subsequent political events. Another clip talks about the escalating food prices in Egypt sparking off unrest in that country . The story presents  the intriguing insight that Egypt imports about half its wheat from the USA, where also drought is changing the way the land is farmed.

Climate skeptics often say they do not see the crisis scenario that others are describing. That is because the have not yet felt the really brutal impact of this change. Consider the case of rice for example: it is mostly grown in Asia and has the largest number of consumers there as well. What if there was a drought and from India to Vietnam, the rice harvest failed? And this is not merely hypothetical, the prospect of a failed monsoon is nerve wracking, my twitter friends from India, farmers and others,  have all been updating anxiously for the past few days, waiting for the monsoons to make landfall and hoping they will we plentiful. There would be millions of people desperate to feed themselves and their families. At first, violence and unrest would break out in the region. Then, if no solutions were on offer, large groups would start migrating elsewhere in the search for food. This “elsewhere” might very well be the countries where people still do not see the facts in support of climate change. Only now, the climate is also unstable here, as well, and they can no longer ignore the evidence. There would begin a global struggle for food and water which is quite frightening  to contemplate.

Climate change is discussed mostly in the context of the environment but we need to give attention to the food system as well. Some of there solutions are being worked on already, like this amazingly simple way to reduce methane production in rice paddies.  Or the project to create a  new variety of rice which can withstand the long periods of flooding which are predicted to occur in the rice growing  regions of Asia in the future. But this is still an issue on the periphery of the main debate and often it is boxed off on its own when it should be a focus of  climate policy and action. “Years of Living Dangerously” is a brilliant show that everybody should be watching. ( Previous reviews are here and here).  If there is a second season I hope the producers would consider giving more time to the food system.

(Image Courtesy: Freedigitalphotos.net)

Farewell To Our Favorite Fish?

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For a Bengali, fish is not just food, it is connected to everything in life. We celebrate our cricket and soccer team wins with fresh fish curry; and send out gorgeously decorated fish to the bride’s house as part of our wedding rituals. Our culture grew in the low islands and mangroves of the Bay of Bengal, awash in tales of the delta and the fearsome legends of the Bengal tiger. With climate change, some of these strands of our heritage will disappear forever. The tiger is in danger of extinction, the mangroves are shrinking and the lowest islands of Bangladesh are being reclaimed by the rising waters.

Still, we thought, we had our favorite fish, “ilish”( Tenualosa Ilisha). It was a momentous treat when I was a child: the first elish of the season which would be prepared in a golden mustard gravy with a bright green chilli pepper, served up with steaming rice. It was an expensive fish, not to be eaten everyday and certainly not during the breeding season. But somewhere along the way, all this changed. With prosperity came an insatiable demand, ilish was being eaten around the year and exported all over the world. Now, we may have to live in a world with only our memories of the delight it brought to our lives.

Efforts are on to conserve ilish by several organisations and the Bangladesh government.  Bengalis all over the world are praying this will work (watching our own ilish consumption would also help!). Perhaps we can look to a conservation success like the blue crabs  in the Chesapeake Bay or the mix of restrictions and incentives that Brazil has used to successfully reduce degradation in the Amazon rainforest to ensure that the ilish continue to thrive.

For a look at the life of people living in the ecosystem of the Bay of Bengal,   “The Hungry Tide” by Amitav Ghosh is an absorbing read.

(Image Courtesy: freedigitalphotos.net)

Why sprouts can make you sick

What’s in your sprouts? Make sure that they are safe to eat…

We thought trees and fungi were socialist, but they’re actually capitalist

Apparently fungi are playing the nitrogen market in the forests and we now we have a new variable in climate change action!

Will There Be A Second Green Revolution?

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Last week, The Economist published a piece on the possibility of a second Green Revolution on rice fields in Asia and Africa. The possibilities outlined in it make one hopeful for the future, at a time when stasis on climate change and polarization among the players in the food system usually make for a grim outlook.

The second revolution, if it comes, will be crucial in feeding the growing population as current yields are dropping off from previous levels. And what is remarkable is that the increase in yield required to meet demand can be obtained almost entirely from areas missed by the first Green Revolution. This is because, the green revolution took off in irrigated areas while passing by the rain dependent regions. These areas fall in the marginal category where harvests are often disrupted by drought or floods. Now, the International Rice Research Institute is  offering farmers a rice variety that stays dormant during long periods of flooding and then resumes growth. This would be an invaluable trait for dealing with the possibility of increased rainfall and  flooding due to climate disruption. And, because this offers the possibility of increased production on marginal lands, the impact in terms of greater income would go to the most vulnerable sections of the rural poor whose impoverishment is a result of their dependence on unproductive land.

But how was this new strain of rice developed? The scientists at IRRI had identified a rice strain from Odisha, in eastern India, as having a high flood tolerance. This was then crossed with other rice varieties but the experiments were not successful. Finally, the scientists identified the gene that enabled flood tolerance, and spliced into other rice varieties, to achieve more than a dozen varieties of rice , all flood tolerant and collectively known as “Sub 1”.This is what was so striking for me: decades of traditional breeding saw no success, yet once the genetic sequence of the rice from Odisha was marked, it took only four years for flood tolerant seeds to be produced!

This presents a promising option for making agriculture resilient to future climatic uncertainties in a short period of time, in addition to increasing production on marginal lands and providing income opportunities for the rural poor. This would be a revolution indeed! The article is here and an interesting account of the farmers growing Sub 1 rice in Odisha is here.

(Image Courtesy: freedigitalphotos.net)

 

Young Children Are Getting Sick Working on U.S. Tobacco Farms

If the thought of kids doing manual labor for long hours makes you wonder about their living conditions (is there enough food at home? what about school?), the comment reported here from a legislator for the area will make you wonder how we can hope for things to change.

Mother’s Day Flavors

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Happy Mother’s Day!  As we celebrate our mothers, perhaps the first connection we make is with all favorite dishes they made for us. Even when I tried recreating my mother’s recipes, they would never be as good and I would accuse her of giving me the wrong recipe! For a special read today, the sweet story of cooking forging a bond between a mother-in-law and a daughter-in-law from different cultures.

It is also a day to revisit my post from a year ago about fortified bananas helping to tackle widespread anemia, so crucial in maternal health. Sadly, nothing much has changed here.

And finally, a big thank you to all the mothers tending their families and also raising crops to feed the world!

 

 

#Farming Friday 13: Fewer Women Farmers in US

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Fewer women farmers showed up in the agriculture census. This is consistent with farmers leaving the very small farm sector due to falling profitability. The change comes after a quarter century of numbers for women farmers showing an increase.

Marginalised issues in food security: Oxford Food Security Forum 2014

Obama Administration Releases Major Climate Change Report

The need for climate resilience in agriculture…